Researchers Find Link Between Oxidative Stress and MS in the spinal fluid of MS patients

Link between MS and oxidative stress documented in spinal fluid

This article was published December 2008

the link below should take you to the article --
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2584157#id409706%23id409706

J Neurol Sci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 December 15.
Published in final edited form as:
J Neurol Sci. 2008 December 15; 275(1-2): 106–112.
Published online 2008 September 9. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.07.032.



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Cerebrospinal fluid evidence of increased extra-mitochondrial glucose metabolism implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple sclerosis disease progression
William T. Regenold,1 Pornima Phatak,1 Michael J. Makley,2 Roger D. Stone,3 and Mitchel A. Kling4
1University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, and the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
2University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Center Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
3National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neuroimmunology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
4Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Division of Clinical Translational Medicine. Formerly, National Institute of Mental Health, Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA

This was published in the Journal of Neurological Sciences in December 2008. These authors talk about the evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in those with progressive MS. Quoting from their abstract: "... the extra-mitochondrial glucose metabolism increases with impaired mitochondrial metabolism of glucose, these findings implicate mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of MS disease progression. CSF metabolic profiling may be useful in clarifying the role of mitochondrial pathology in progression and in targeting and monitoring therapies for disease progression that aim to preserve or boost mitochondrial glucose metabolism."

This is yet another bit of evidence which supports my theory that mitochondrial health have a large role to play in progressive multiple sclerosis. It may not be the whole story - inflammation is probably a factor also. But fixing one's mitochondria is probably a very important long term strategy.



T

Mitochondria and chronic fatigue link found

This article was forwarded to me - and I am providing a link below. It adds more credence to the importance of mitochondria as a factor contributing to fatigue.

Quick summary - link to full text is below.
Mitochondrial dysfunction noted in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome. Those with more severe dysfunction had more severe fatigue.
See an attached PDF of the actual article. While this is not a multiple sclerosis patient population - it does lend credence to theory that mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in the disabling fatigue in worsening MS.

My advice -- eat specifically for your mitochondria. Be sure you've got a rich source of B vitamins (mushrooms, dark green leafy vegetables), co-enzyme Q (wheat germ or organic liver), and antioxidants (intense colors, preferably some purple-black, red, and yellow-orange each day). Spending most of your calories each day on organic vegetables, fruit, seeds/ nuts is a great way to add to your micro-nutrient content.

Coming soon –I will soon have a DVD which features lectures with an audio link to power points slides. These lectures include my food as medicine lectures to the medical students, and pharmacy students and separate food as medicine lectures to the public. I am currently teaching a six week food as medicine course to the public and will be converting that to an audio series as well.

The link below should get you to the article

Int J Clin Exp Med (2009) 2, 1-16
www.ijcem.com/IJCEM812001
Original Article
Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction

Sarah Myhill1, Norman E. Booth2, John McLaren-Howard3
1Sarah Myhill Limited, Llangunllo, Knighton, Powys, Wales LD7 1SL, UK; 2Department of Physics and Mansfield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; 3Acumen, PO Box 129, Tiverton, Devon EX16 0AJ, UK


http://www.ijcem.com/files/IJCEM812001.pdf

Food Matters in MS

Food Matters in MS

The etiology of multiple sclerosis remains unknown. Likely there are several different pathways to developing multiple sclerosis of MS. The factors which are likely playing roles in MS are the interaction of the following: 1) DNA, 2) Toxin exposures (eaten, inhaled or absorbed through skin), 3) Infection 4) Micronutrient intake (food), 5) Allergy or sensitization (to food), 6) Stress level (physical, psychological and spiritual) and 7) Insulin production each day. The cause of injury has been identified as antibody complexes which destroy myelin. The loss of myelin leads to breaks in the communication between the brain (and spinal cord) and the body. The result is weakness and or disturbed sensation (blind, dizziness, pain).

In this blog I will talk food and multiple sclerosis. There are three main ways food can get individuals into trouble. First – is toxins from the use of herbicides and pesticides. Second is micronutrient intake and third is food allergy and sensitization. Third is the effect of maintaining high insulin levels on the level of inflammation in our body. I’ll conclude the article with a brief synopsis of what I have done personally regarding food.

Toxins are present in and on the food that has been grown with the help of pesticides and insecticides. Best options to deal with this is grown your own food, or buy local organic when you can. Wash all food carefully. If you buy non-organic wash carefully. The more gently you have to wash something, such as berries, the more likely it is that you can’t get the pesticides off the food. Lettuce, berries, and celery have high amounts of pesticide residue. If you can – go organic for those.

Micronutrients have been discussed previously. The standard American diet (SAD) is below the recommended daily intake for many vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients that our brains need. We often do eat enough omega 3 fatty acids (fish & fish oil, flax & flax oil) for making a key myelin. Neither do we eat enough of the correct amino acids (especially sulfur) for making key neurotransmitters. Diets with 9 cups of fruits and vegetables, 3 of which are rich in sulfur such as the onion and cruciferous family of vegetables will greatly improve the micronutrient content of the diet.

Food allergies and sensitivities are also a contributor. Celiac disease which is gluten (found in wheat, rye and barley) sensitivity causes the body to make antibodies against gluten. The symptoms are not just belly stuff. People can have skin problems, joint problems, fatigue, personality changes, mood problems, weakness, and pain. People have come in with severe neurological problems, severe changes on their brain MRIs and have been diagnoses with multiple sclerosis. But when someone considered the possibility of gluten sensitivity and had the patient faithfully follow gluten-free diet, their neurological problems began to resolve over the next year. The brain MRI improved. The large white scars on the MRI disappeared. The patient actually had gluten sensitivity, not multiple sclerosis. That is why anyone who has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis would benefit from eating a very stringent gluten-free diet for at least a month to help determine what role gluten-sensitivity has in their disease.

If we can have that level of damage and response in the brain to sensitivity to wheat, it is logical to consider sensitivity to other foods can likely generate similar levels of damage to the body and brain. That means that anyone with MS who is not doing well would likely benefit from considering the possibility of food sensitivities as a factor that keeps their disease active.

That is a complex issue to solve because people can end up sensitized to multiple food items. We know that in those with gluten sensitivity, 70% have their symptoms completely resolved with gluten avoidance. The other 30% have additional food sensitivities which must be identified and also eliminated to do well. So how do we figure out who is sensitive to what foods? That is not easy for several reasons. 1) The blood tests can capture some of the sensitivities, but not all, and 2) Although most reactions occur quickly, some reactions to food occur up to 72 hours after ingestion. As a result the most effective way to confirm food sensitivities is through an elimination diet, food diary and symptom diary for a minimum of one month. The next several paragraphs describe two approaches to identifying what sensitivities a person may have.

Gradual food reintroduction is the most stringent application of a food diet asks the individual to eat only the most non-sensitizing food available in America for a week, and then gradually reintroduces one food item per week. The individual keeps a symptom record. If no symptoms of any type occur in that week, the food item is identified as safe and added to the list of allowed foods. Gradually over several months food items are gradually returned to the diet. Because of the gradual process, it is possible to identify with precision what causes symptoms and eliminate that particular food from the diet. Many are not willing or capable of doing that kind of protocol. , 3) Elimination diets require planning ahead.

Elimination diets are a more moderate approach. The person with MS is advised to eliminate the most common sources of food allergy from their diet initially. These include: wheat, eggs, milk, and legumes (which includes peanuts and cashews). They are then given a chart which lays out a 4 day rotation plan and menu suggestions. The goal here is to have the individual eat from different food families every day so that you do not eat a food more frequently than every 4 days. The individual is to keep a food and symptom diary. Because symptoms occur within 72 hours, the individual who has kept their food diary knows all of the food items they have eaten in the prior 3 days. They can identify what foods have been safe in the past, and what foods were new in that time period. They are advised to eliminate that food from their diet. If the person wishes, they could try that food again in 4 to 6 months. It turns out that for some people we have a few severe food allergies that we can never eat, and others which are milder allergy. If we eliminate the mild allergy food for 6 months, the lining of our gut heals. Then if our gut sees the mild allergy food only on occasion the gut cells can tolerate it without causing a major antibody response. The other benefit of an elimination diet is that it tends to increase the variety in our food intake often improving the micronutrient content in the long run.

Books are available on the issue of food sensitivities and micronutrients to help you design menus that can work for you. These include The Worlds’ Healthiest Foods http://www.whfoods.com/, The MS Recovery Diet http://msrecoverydiet.com/ and Restoring Your Digestive Health http://www.amazon.com/Restoring-Your-Digestive-Health-Transfom/dp/07582028220 . Gluten-free diet resources can be found at http://www.celiac.com/catalog/index.php?cPath=48_50. Asthon Embry has written extensively on connections between diet and MS and has a web site http://www.direct-ms.org/bestbet.html.

Insulin is a pro-inflammatory hormone. The more insulin our bodies need to make to control our blood sugar levels, the more inflammation molecules we make. If we eat a diet that does not generate rapid climbs in blood sugar, we do not need to generate as much insulin. Sugar makes our blood sugar rise very rapidly. Eating white potatoes makes blood sugar rise rapidly. So does drinking juice that has had the pulp and fiber removed from the juice. So does eating things made with white flour like bread, pastries, and pasta. If you want to lower the insulin levels then the best diet focuses on the non-starchy vegetables, protein sources, whole fruit, and avoids or minimizes grains. Whole grains are absorbed more slowly and therefore generate less insulin.

Celiac Disease and gluten-free diets have a larger collection of books devoted to that topic. Google the terms and you will find many sources of additional information.

Eating out and processed foods are a challenge for those who are using an elimination diet. You need to read labels carefully, and ask the waiter about what food item may be included in the dish you are ordering. The simplest approach is to avoid eating processed food, or eating out, particularly while you are first going through the elimination diet.

What did I do regarding my food consumption? In 2003 I began the Paleolithic diet. I eliminated grains, milk and legumes. I continued to eat meat, poultry, fish, vegetables (including white potatoes), fruit, and eggs. By 2007 I had gone back to eating rice, and occasional beans. Summer of 2007 I took a blood test for food allergies which identified marked sensitivity to eggs, pinto beans, and milk. I eliminated those from my diet in October. I started the four day rotation diet but did not maintain it. I was not keeping a food symptom diary. November 2007 I started neurostim. At the end of December I started the intensive diet rich with 9 cups fruits and vegetables a day minimum. I ate 4-6 cups of cruciferous or onion family vegetables each day, and 3 cups of brightly colored vegetables or fruits. January 2009 I went back to creating a food, symptom diary and began the elimination diet with the four day rotation of foods.

Why was I able to go from four years dependent on a scooter, back to walking, bicycling and skiing?

Since I don’t have serial blood tests to identify how much nutritional status changed, the inflammatory status, or biological changes that were occurring it is hard to say what precisely what happened as I got stronger. I do have several theories which I’ll share.

First – the neurostimulation that I started in November 2007 coupled with exercise produced stronger larger muscles and generated growth factors in the brain which stimulates repair of myelin, and growing new connections between brain cells. That priming made my brain more ready to do the repair work. The food made it possible for the brain cells to use the growth factors.

Second – I eliminated more vigorously the foods to which I had documented food sensitivity on the blood tests in the summer of 2007.

Third – I greatly increased the intake of B vitamins, co-enzyme Q, antioxidants and organic sulfur though food. This resulted in a big boost of the micronutrients I was eating.

Fourth – I switched to entirely organic foods.

Fifth – I focused on getting every color each day.

Sixth – Because I eliminated white potatoes, grains etc, - the amount of insulin my body makes each day is quite low.

Seventh – I now keep a food / symptom diary and follow a four day food rotation.

What about supplements?

While there may be benefits in supplements – they are not without risks. Supplements are not regulated by the FDA. There are many reports of supplements not containing what they label claims to be inside. In addition there are problems with the purity and contamination. If the herbs or foods listed on the label are not grown on organic farms, there is a risk of heavy metal contamination (also present in our food). But since the food is concentrated to very high levels for the supplement – the previously trace levels of contamination can become quite high. Another important difference is that nearly every study has shown that the whole food is associated with superior outcomes to specific nutrients. That is likely because we absorb nutrients better when they are in food. Higher blood levels are consistently seen in comparison to food versus supplementation. Also we get the additional hundreds of other phytonutrients in food all of which are likely playing contributory roles in health. My recommendation is to focus first on using an elimination diet and food/ symptom diary to maximize your micronutrient intake and lower inflammation.

Summary

Food matters. If you can, grow some of your own food. Buy organic. Try eliminating the most common offenders – gluten, eggs, milk, and legumes. Keep a food, symptom diary. Try an elimination diet with a four day food rotation. Consult with a nutritionist or other healthcare provider familiar with elimination diets. Exercise can help increase the brain growth factors and speed healing. But without the needed micronutrients and lower levels of inflammation – you wont’ get far. The quality of the good and the avoidance of foods to which you are sensitive can make a big difference in your ability to improve.